{"id":11751,"date":"2023-09-25T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T13:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/?p=11751"},"modified":"2023-12-05T08:37:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T23:37:26","slug":"4-3%e3%80%80did-the-police-protect-the-comfort-women","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/?p=11751&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"4-3\u3000Did the Police protect the \u201ccomfort women\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\r\n\r\nThe memorandum \u201cOn Recruiting Women to Military Comfort Stations\u201d issued on February 23, 1938 by the Director of the Police Bureau of the Home Ministry prohibits women from traveling to China for the purpose of \u201cshameful business\u201d (ie: to become comfort women), except to turn a blind eye in the case of women who are over the age of 21 and already employed in said \u201cshameful business\u201d. In addition, it instructs that when issuing identity cards to women, to be mindful that \u201cno kidnapping or trafficking has been involved.\u201d\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe Home ministry was careful when dispatching \u201ccomfort women\u201d not to infringe upon Article 226 of the Japanese Penal Code or an international convention that prohibited trafficking in women and children. This, upon first glance, makes them look like they were trying hard in the prevention of crimes.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHowever, this directive was only issued within mainland Japan. The country had ratified the International Convention for the Suppression of Traffic in Women and Children, but had placed a condition that it not apply to the colonies (Korea and Taiwan). In other words, no restrictions were placed on Korea and Taiwan. This made it possible for many underage women, as well as women with no prior experience as sex workers to be sent out as \u201ccomfort women.\u201d\r\n\r\n \r\n
\"\u66f8\u6620\uff12\u6b66\u6f22\u5175\u7ad9_s\"<\/a>\r\n

Seikichi Yamada Bukan heitan: Shina hakkengun ian kakaricho no shuki (\u201cThe Wuhan commissariat: Memoir of the Department Head of the China Expeditionary Army Comfort Facilities\u201d)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nLieutenant Seikichi Yamada, a Military Logistics Sub Commander at Hankow headquarters and the Department Head of the China Expeditionary Army Comfort Facilities (Second Lieutenant at the time he was stationed), states that \u201ccomfort women\u201d from mainland Japan were mainly 20 to 27 years of age with prior experience as \u201cfemale entertainers\u201d (as shogi, geigi, jokyu etc.), but that the ones from Korea usually \u201chad no prior experience, and were younger, around 18 to 19 years of age.\u201d It shows that unlike women from mainland Japan who were prohibited from traveling overseas, clearly there were women from occupied territories who were inexperienced and\/or under 21 years of age.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIt should also be noted that according to Ministry of Foreign Affairs data, in 1940 of six women from Taiwan who were sent to Guangdong Province in China as \u201ccomfort women\u201d, one was 18, two were 16, one 15, and two 14.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis memorandum, at least in the cases of Korea and China, cannot be taken as indicative of positive involvement by the army in terms of the women. On the contrary, this policy of tacit approval first created by the Expeditionary Army shows the responsibility of the Japanese government, as well as the Japanese military, in grave infringement on their human rights.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIt is important to note that this memorandum stipulates strict measures against anyone who states that there was any communication with or knowledge by the military in recruiting and procuring the women. As it was issued by the Director of the Police Bureau of the Home Ministry, we see that the Japanese government is trying to hide the fact itself that the military was responsible for recruitment.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRegardless of the fact that this directive was issued, it must be stated that it was not strictly enforced. Takayoshi Sasaki, the Shanhaiguan (China) Vice Consul has said that in May 1938 three geishas were let in for the purpose of sex work because they carried identity cards issued by the police, but that all were under the age of 21, a point prohibited by the directive. He reports that such an incident also occurred two or three other times.\uff08Vice consul Sasaki Shina toko fujo no toriatsukai ni kansuru ken [\u201cAbout the treatment of women going to China\u201d], May 12, 1938\uff09 In addition, Military doctor Kenichi Nagasawa says he medically examined a woman from mainland Japan who had no prior experience as a sex-worker, but was made a \u201ccomfort woman\u201d nonetheless.\uff08Kenichi Nagasawa, Kanko iansho [\u201cHankow comfort station\u201d] Publ. Tosho Shuppansha Co., Ltd.\uff09According to testimonies selected by Ikuhiko Hata for being highly trustworthy, approximately 200 Japanese women who were sent to Jinan in 1941 as part of the Tairiku imondan (\u201ccomfort group for the continent\u201d) and told to \u201chelp out with chores for the troops before departure\u201d, were in fact forced to become prostitutes for the Emperor\u2019s soldiers.\uff08Hata Ikuhiko, Ianfu to senjo no sei [\u201cComfort Women and Sex in War\u201d] Publ: Shinchosha, 1999\uff09\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDespite the fact that this directive was issued, there were even Japanese women facing things like this. I think we can imagine what happened to the Korean and Taiwanese women who were not protected by such a directive.\r\n\r\n \r\n

\"2-1-8a<\/a>\r\n

File 1 Notification \u201cabout the treatment of women going to China\u201d issued by the chief of the police bureau, the Home ministry\u201d February 23, 1938<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\"2-1-8a<\/a> \"2-1-8a<\/a>\r\n

\"2-1-8b<\/a>\r\n

File: The governor of Takao(now Kaohsuing) prefecture of Taiwan, \u201cAbout the treatment of travellers going to the opposite shore who are believed to be incapable of obtain certicates of purpose going to China\u201d August 23, 1940, owned by the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Yoshiaki Yoshimi \u201cDocument collection about the comfort women\u201dOtsuki-shoten<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\"2-1-8b<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The memorandum \u201cOn Recruiting Women to Military Comfort Stations\u201d issued on February 23, 1938 by the Director […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[208,134],"tags":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11751"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11751"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11752,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11751\/revisions\/11752"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}