{"id":9895,"date":"2023-09-26T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T06:55:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/?p=9895"},"modified":"2023-12-05T08:37:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T23:37:28","slug":"3-1%e3%80%80wasnt-forced-prostitution-involved-in-making-women-comfort-women-in-korea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/?p=9895&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"3-1\u3000Wasn\u2019t \u201cforced prostitution\u201d involved in making women \u201ccomfort women\u201d in Korea?"},"content":{"rendered":"\nPrime Minister Abe Shinzo says that there wasn\u2019t \u201ccoercion\u201d or that \u201cauthorities entered houses by force and took persons like kidnappers\u201d (Budget Committee of the upper house of the Diet, March 5th<\/sup>, 2007). And Osaka city mayor Hashimoto Toru also says that there isn\u2019t evidence that \u201ccomfort women\u201d were taken \u201cby the military by means of assault or intimidation\u201d (News conference, August 21st<\/sup>, 2012).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nBoth Prime Minister Abe and city mayor Hashimoto says that unless \u2460the military authorities \u2461took (\u201cabducted\u201d in legal terms) them using assault or intimidation, it wasn\u2019t forced prostitution. There is a big deception here.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWhen women were enlisted in Korea and Taiwan, the Japanese military selected business operators and let these operators enlist them. (In some cases, the Governor-General was requested by the military to select business operators.). These operators were called \u201czegen\u201d, and routinely committed trafficking in persons or kidnapping (using deception or flattery), and they frequently used the same means to enlist \u201ccomfort women\u201d.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThese are crimes in violation of Article 226 of the Japanese PENAL CODE. Considering the fact that coercion means forcing someone to do something against their will, kidnapping is regarded as forced prostitution. Since it is economic coercion of the victims, trafficking in persons should be regarded as forced prostitution. If a women was taken by means of kidnapping or trafficking in persons to comfort stations and forced to provide sex to military personnel, it is regarded as forced labor. The military bears very grave responsibility. Mr. Abe and Hashimoto won\u2019t see these simple and clear facts.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIs it really the case that evidence that women were transported out of the country from Korea or Taiwan by means of kidnapping or trafficking in persons comes only from testimony from victims? No. There is much evidence, as below.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nAmerican military material reveals the truth. The \u201cReport No. 49: Japanese Prisoners of War Interrogation on Prostitution<\/i>\u201d (October 1st<\/sup>, 1944) by the United States Office of War Information, Psychological Warfare Team, is now famous. In relation to the fact that many Korean women were taken to Burma by means of kidnapping or trafficking in persons, this report records as follows:\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u201cEarly in May of 1942 Japanese agents arrived in Korea for the purpose of enlisting Korean girls for \u201ccomfort service\u201d in newly conquered Japanese territories in Southeast Asia. The nature of this \u201cservice\u201d was not specified but it was assumed to be work connected with visiting the wounded in hospitals, rolling bandages, and generally making the soldiers happy. The inducement used by these agents was plenty of money, an opportunity to pay off the family debts, easy work, and the prospect of a new life in a new land, Singapore. On the basis of these false representations many girls enlisted for overseas duty and were rewarded with an advance of a few hundred yen.\u201d(Edited by Yoshimi Yoshiaki, \u201cComfort women material collection<\/i>\u201d, material No.99, Otsukishoten)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis comes under a crime of kidnapping for transportation out of a country. Rewarding an advance of a few hundred yen, this also comes under a crime of buying or selling human beings for transportation out of a country. According to this American military record, some 700 Korean women were deceived into enlisting, they were bound to Army regulations and to war for the \u201chouse master\u201d for a period from 6 months to a year, and this contract was renewed after the expiration of the period. This is a crime in which the military is a principal actor and the operator is an accessory. This is forced prostitution.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nLet\u2019s look at a record about a Korean woman who was kidnapped and taken to comfort station in Rangoon, Burma. This is a recollection by an ex-correspondent of the\u00a0<\/span>Yomiuri Newspaper<\/i>, Omata Yukio (Omata, \u201cBattling areas and correspondent<\/i>\u201d, Tojusha). In 1942, 40 to 50 women landed at Rangoon from Korea. Hearing that a comfort station was made and news correspondents would be provided with special services, he went to the comfort station with delight. However, the woman who was provided to Mr. Omata at the comfort station aged 23 or 24 and a \u201cpublic school\u201d teacher (more Precisely, elementary schoolswere called national schools also in Korea after 1941.). Asking why a school teacher came to be in such a place, she replied that she was taken there by means of deception. This is a kidnapping.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nAccording to the woman\u2019s story, there were 8 girls around the age of 16 or 17. She tells the correspondent for the\u00a0<\/span>Yomiuri Newspaper<\/i>\u00a0<\/span>that \u201cThey wail that they hate this work. Is there any way for them to escape from this work?\u201d After consideration, he replies that \u201cRun to the military police and make a complaint .\u201d, \u201cIf these girls run to the military police, they may take some measures. Or they may be punished. Still, is there anything else they can do in Burma at present?\u201d\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe girls ran to the military police to ask for help, but the military police had difficulty dealing with them. Eventually, after the military police talked with their employer, the 8 girls ended up working at a commissioned officers\u2019 club. What happened to these girls afterwards? It seems that these girls weren\u2019t sent back for Korea. What happened to the ex-\u201cpublic school\u201d teacher? She was kept at the comfort station and wasn\u2019t released. The operator who took her wasn\u2019t arrested. Such circumstances occurred on a daily basis.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nNagase Takashi, who was in Singapore as an interpreter at the Fuel Depot of the 3rd<\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>Fleet Air Wing, says as follows:\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nI taught Korean comfort women Japanese about 3 times, and they told me the truth because they knew I wasn\u2019t a soldier.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nMr. Interpreter, to tell the truth, when we went out of the country, we were told were would work as waitresses at a restaurant in Singapore. We were given 100 yen which we gave to our families and went out of the country. When we arrived at Singapore, we were told to be comfort women.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThey appealed to me. However, as an interpreter, I can\u2019t do anything which is against the power of the military. I felt sorry for them and thought that they shouldn\u2019t have been taken by means of such a lie. (Edited by Aoyama Gakuin University project 95, \u201cAoyama Gakuin and departure of students for the front<\/i>\u201d, self-published, Tokyo metropolitan)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis case is both kidnapping and trafficking in persons.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEx-Military Police Corporal, Hataya Koji, who investigated the histories of Korean women taken to a comfort station in Hunchun, Northeast China, recollected those days as follows:\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDigressing a little, I asked them, \u201cDo you know what kind of work you will do?\u201d Almost all of them replied, \u201cTo relieve the soldiers\u201d, \u201cI\u2019m good at singing, and the soldiers will be pleased with my song\u201d, etc, and few women clearly understood that they will have sex with the soldiers. \u2026\u2026The women handed over an advance payment to their parents from a comfort station operator or broker conducting trafficking in persons or their parents received it directly, and they came to Manchuria with their families\u2019 approval. It wasn\u2019t certain whether the contract was justified or not, but everyone said without exception that, \u201cI would like to repay the advance as soon as possible and save money to send it to my parents and brothers.\u201d (Hatanaka Yoji, \u201cFaraway and boundless mountains and rivers<\/i>\u201d, self-published, Kyoto city)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis case is also both kidnapping and trafficking in persons.\r\n\r\nMr. Hata Ikuhiko also acknowledges that Korean women were taken by means of kidnapping or trafficking in persons. In his book, \u201cComfort women and sex on the battlefields<\/i>\u201d, Shinchosha, 1999), he takes 9 examples of testimonies from ex-military personnel he \u201cchose due to their high reliability\u201d. In 4 examples of the cases of Korean women, 3 examples involved kidnapping and 1 example was trafficking in persons (the Others involved 2 examples of kidnapping of Japanese women, 1 example of abduction, 1 example of attempt in Burma and 1 example of enlistment in Singapore.).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nLet\u2019s introduce one of them. Ex-Military Police Sergeant, Suzuki Takushiro, heard from a young Korean operator (the second son of a landlord) at a comfort station in Nanning that he took a daughter of a local tenant farmer by telling him that \u201ca contract would be concluded with a caf\u00e9 or restaurant directly operated by the military\u201d. He said that this young man \u201cseemed to feel a deep responsibility for forcing a young girl who loved him calling him \u201cBrother\u201d to prostitute\u201d. In this case, the operator was also deceived. This is kidnapping by the military using deception.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nFor your information, in regards to whether there was abduction by the military authorities using assault or intimidation in Korea, there are many testimonials from victims. At present, other documents, records or testimony confirming this fact haven\u2019t yet been discovered. Still, there isn\u2019t any evidence proving that such cases didn\u2019t happen.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIn 1941, under the name of Kwantung Army Special Maneuvers in preparation for the Anti-Soviet War, the Army was mobilized on a massive scale. At this time, it planned to enlist 20,000 \u201ccomfort women\u201d, and many women were mobilized from Korea. The number of people enlisted at this time was, according to Senda Kako\u2019s interview with a Staff member of the Kwantung Army, Hara Zenshiro, 8,000, and according to a testimony from Murakami Sadao, who was in the Military Logistics Team of the 3rd<\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>Section of the Staff Office of the Kwantung Army, about 3,000. (A letter written by Mr. Murakami to Senda Kako included in, Edited by VAWW-NET Japan, \u201cRecords of\u00a0<\/span><\/i>the Women\u2019s International War Crimes Tribunal 2000 on Japan\u2019s Military Sexual Slavery<\/i>\u201d, vol.3, Ryokufu Shupan)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIf that was the case, as Mr. Hata Ikuhiko said before, there was a possibility that \u201cEventually, only 8,000 people including prostitutes were listed. Because it was impossible to supply such numbers of people under conventional method in a short period of time, assigned duty was consigned to lower organizations: from Province governor to governor of Commandery to Village mayor\u2026The fact was that \u201cit was partly on persuasion and partly by coercion.\u201d (Kim Il-men, \u201cThe imperial military and Korean comfort women<\/i>\u201d)\u201d (Hata, \u201cPursue the mystery of Showa history<\/i>\u201d, last volume, Bungeishunju, 1993) Almost all of the Kwantung Army, Japanese Korean Army and Governor-General of Korea\u2019s materials were burned and don\u2019t remain. However, if materials are discovered, the facts may become clear. On this point, more research is needed.\r\n\r\n
\"\"

Office of War Information\u2019s material<\/span><\/p><\/div>\r\n

<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prime Minister Abe Shinzo says that there wasn\u2019t \u201ccoercion\u201d or that \u201cauthorities entered houses by force and t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":9515,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"swell_btn_cv_data":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[207,134],"tags":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9895"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9895"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9898,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9895\/revisions\/9898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/fightforjustice.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}